Clementine Publications

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Clementine: The Deep Space Program Science Experiment
IAA_Paper.pdf (275k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that was launched on January 25, 1994. The principle objective of the CLEMENTINE mission was to use the Moon, a near-Earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, it returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector. CLEMENTINE represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft that fully embrace lightweight technologies to enable a series of long-duration deep space missions.

Paper IAA-L-0501, presented at the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) International Conference On Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, 12-15 April 1994. Regeon, P., Chapman, J., and Baugh, B.

Clementine: The Deep Space Program Science Experiment
BMDO_WS.pdf (341k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that was launched on January 25, 1994. Its principle objective was to use the Moon, a near-earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, it returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector. CLEMENTINE represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft that fully embrace lightweight technologies to enable a series of long-duration deep space missions.

Paper presented at the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) Engineering and Technology Workshop, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 18-19 July 1994. Regeon, P., Chapman, J., and Baugh, B.

Clementine: New Directions and Perspectives for One-of-a-Kind Spacecraft Missions
New_Direct_Utah.pdf (154k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE represents a new paradigm in spacecraft systems by incorporating advanced, lightweight, non-spaceflight and non-heritage technologies as major and critical components of the payload, the spacecraft hardware, and the spacecraft software subsystems. The program's success in applying and transferring these low-cost and highly capable technologies to space applications was based on sound developmental practices that are applicable to other programs. This paper examines the management and engineering approaches used for CLEMENTINE, discusses the methodology to assess, use, and test these approaches, and provides conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses of the development approach. The paper provides an insight into the common elements of the development approach that may be applicable to other small-satellite missions developed under the new genre of small, cost-capped, fast-paced, and focused missions.

Paper presented at the American Institute of Aerospace and Astronautics (AIAA) Small Satellite Conference, Utah State University, 29 August-1 September 1994. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P.

Clementine: Naval Research Laboratory Lunar Orbiter
Lun_Orb_Alabama.pdf (253k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft employing lightweight technologies in support of longduration deep space missions. CLEMENTINE was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Launched on January 25, 1994, CLEMENTINE's primary mission was to use the Moon, a near-Earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, CLEMENTINE returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector.

AIAA Paper 94-4590, presented at the AIAA Space Programs and Technologies Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, 27-29 September 1994. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P.

Clementine Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft System Design
SC_Sys_Design.pdf (176k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was launched on January 25, 1994 with a mission goal of qual-ifying 23 advanced lightweight technologies for the Department of De-fense (DoD). CLEMENTINE was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology demonstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. This paper provides a general mission overview and describes salient features of the spacecraft.

AAS Paper 95-130, presented at the AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 13-16, 1995. Regeon, P., and Chapman, J.

Application of Clementine Technology to Future Lunar Exploration
App_Explore.pdf (209k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE IIB is a DISCOVERY-class mission that investigates the possibility of a small spacecraft sharing a launch aboard an ARIANE for a return to the Moon. CLEMENTINE IIB will conduct further investigations into phenomena discovered during the original CLEMENTINE mission for a total cost of less than $40 million in fiscal year 1994 dollars. The mission will image and map the lunar surface, characterize its elemental composition, measure its magnetic field, and verify the presence of ice at the lunar south pole. Other objectives include radio science investigations and the flight demonstration of DoD lightweight technologies. The proposed mission includes four imaging sensors demonstrated on the original CLEMENTINE mission (the ultraviolet-visible camera, the high resolution camera and laser transmitter (collectively called a LIDAR), and star tracker cameras) and adds new sensors (e.g., Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Electron Reflectometer, Magnetometer, Alpha Particle Spectrometer, and Neutron Spectrometer.). The mission baselines the use of advanced, lightweight DoD technologies including a linear concentrator solar array, a small nickel hydrogen battery, composite structures, and processing architectures. This paper describes the background of the concept study and its mission objectives, and contrasts the proposed concept with NASA's DISCOVERY Lunar Prospector mission.

Paper presented at the European Geophysical Society, Hamburg, Germany, 3-7 April 1995. Nozette, S., Chapman, J., Regeon, P., Lynn, P., and Bakeris, D.

The Clementine Lunar Orbiter Project
Lun_Orb_Germany.pdf (187k)

Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), space-qualified 23 ad-vanced lightweight technologies developed for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology dem-onstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. The prime mission goal of 100% multispectral mapping of the moon with >99% coverage in all 11 spectral bands was accomplished. Extensive stereo and special observations were performed during the post-mapping period before lunar departure. The technology demonstration was jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was executed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).

Paper presented at the Austrian Space Agency Summer School 1995, Alpbach, Germany, 26 July-3 August 1995. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P.

The Clementine Lunar Orbiter
Lun_Orb_Gifu.pdf (187k)

Abstract: Clementine, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), space-qualified 23 advanced lightweight technologies developed for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology demonstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. The prime mission goal of 100% multispectral mapping of the moon with >99% coverage in eleven spectral bands was accomplished. Extensive stereo and special observations were performed during the post-mapping period before lunar departure. The technology demonstration was jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was executed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Clementine represents a new paradigm in spacecraft missions by incorporating advanced, lightweight, non-spaceflight and non-heritage technologies as major and critical components of the payload, the spacecraft hardware, and the spacecraft software subsystems. The program's success in applying and transferring these low-cost and highly capable technologies to space applications was based on sound developmental practices that are applicable to other programs. This paper examines the management and engineering approaches used for Clementine, discusses the development methodology, and provides insights into development approach. Common elements of the development approach that may be applicable to other small-satellite missions developed under the new genre of small, cost-capped, fast-paced, and focused missions are discussed.

Paper presented at the 20th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, Gifu, Japan, 19-25 May 1996. Regeon, P., Lynn, P., Johnson, M., and Chapman, J.

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		Clementine: The Deep Space Program Science Experiment IAA_Paper.pdf (275k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that was launched on January 25, 1994. The principle objective of the CLEMENTINE mission was to use the Moon, a near-Earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, it returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector. CLEMENTINE represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft that fully embrace lightweight technologies to enable a series of long-duration deep space missions. Paper IAA-L-0501, presented at the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) International Conference On Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, 12-15 April 1994. Regeon, P., Chapman, J., and Baugh, B. Clementine: The Deep Space Program Science Experiment BMDO_WS.pdf (341k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that was launched on January 25, 1994. Its principle objective was to use the Moon, a near-earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, it returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector. CLEMENTINE represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft that fully embrace lightweight technologies to enable a series of long-duration deep space missions. Paper presented at the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) Engineering and Technology Workshop, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 18-19 July 1994. Regeon, P., Chapman, J., and Baugh, B. Clementine: New Directions and Perspectives for One-of-a-Kind Spacecraft Missions New_Direct_Utah.pdf (154k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE represents a new paradigm in spacecraft systems by incorporating advanced, lightweight, non-spaceflight and non-heritage technologies as major and critical components of the payload, the spacecraft hardware, and the spacecraft software subsystems. The program's success in applying and transferring these low-cost and highly capable technologies to space applications was based on sound developmental practices that are applicable to other programs. This paper examines the management and engineering approaches used for CLEMENTINE, discusses the methodology to assess, use, and test these approaches, and provides conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses of the development approach. The paper provides an insight into the common elements of the development approach that may be applicable to other small-satellite missions developed under the new genre of small, cost-capped, fast-paced, and focused missions. Paper presented at the American Institute of Aerospace and Astronautics (AIAA) Small Satellite Conference, Utah State University, 29 August-1 September 1994. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P. Clementine: Naval Research Laboratory Lunar Orbiter Lun_Orb_Alabama.pdf (253k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), represents a new class of small, low cost, and highly capable spacecraft employing lightweight technologies in support of longduration deep space missions. CLEMENTINE was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Launched on January 25, 1994, CLEMENTINE's primary mission was to use the Moon, a near-Earth asteroid, and the spacecraft's Interstage Adapter (ISA) as targets to demonstrate lightweight component and sensor performance. As a secondary mission, CLEMENTINE returned valuable data of interest to the international civilian scientific sector. AIAA Paper 94-4590, presented at the AIAA Space Programs and Technologies Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, 27-29 September 1994. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P. Clementine Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft System Design SC_Sys_Design.pdf (176k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), was launched on January 25, 1994 with a mission goal of qual-ifying 23 advanced lightweight technologies for the Department of De-fense (DoD). CLEMENTINE was a technology demonstration jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology demonstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. This paper provides a general mission overview and describes salient features of the spacecraft. AAS Paper 95-130, presented at the AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 13-16, 1995. Regeon, P., and Chapman, J. Application of Clementine Technology to Future Lunar Exploration App_Explore.pdf (209k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE IIB is a DISCOVERY-class mission that investigates the possibility of a small spacecraft sharing a launch aboard an ARIANE for a return to the Moon. CLEMENTINE IIB will conduct further investigations into phenomena discovered during the original CLEMENTINE mission for a total cost of less than $40 million in fiscal year 1994 dollars. The mission will image and map the lunar surface, characterize its elemental composition, measure its magnetic field, and verify the presence of ice at the lunar south pole. Other objectives include radio science investigations and the flight demonstration of DoD lightweight technologies. The proposed mission includes four imaging sensors demonstrated on the original CLEMENTINE mission (the ultraviolet-visible camera, the high resolution camera and laser transmitter (collectively called a LIDAR), and star tracker cameras) and adds new sensors (e.g., Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Electron Reflectometer, Magnetometer, Alpha Particle Spectrometer, and Neutron Spectrometer.). The mission baselines the use of advanced, lightweight DoD technologies including a linear concentrator solar array, a small nickel hydrogen battery, composite structures, and processing architectures. This paper describes the background of the concept study and its mission objectives, and contrasts the proposed concept with NASA's DISCOVERY Lunar Prospector mission. Paper presented at the European Geophysical Society, Hamburg, Germany, 3-7 April 1995. Nozette, S., Chapman, J., Regeon, P., Lynn, P., and Bakeris, D. The Clementine Lunar Orbiter Project Lun_Orb_Germany.pdf (187k) Abstract: CLEMENTINE, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), space-qualified 23 ad-vanced lightweight technologies developed for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology dem-onstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. The prime mission goal of 100% multispectral mapping of the moon with >99% coverage in all 11 spectral bands was accomplished. Extensive stereo and special observations were performed during the post-mapping period before lunar departure. The technology demonstration was jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was executed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Paper presented at the Austrian Space Agency Summer School 1995, Alpbach, Germany, 26 July-3 August 1995. Chapman, J. and Regeon, P. The Clementine Lunar Orbiter Lun_Orb_Gifu.pdf (187k) Abstract: Clementine, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), space-qualified 23 advanced lightweight technologies developed for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). To achieve national goals of dual use technology and to obtain a balance between DoD technology demonstration and science, the spacecraft was designed to observe and encounter three celestial bodies, the Moon, Earth, and an asteroid, versus the more conventional man-made targets typical of DoD missions. The prime mission goal of 100% multispectral mapping of the moon with >99% coverage in eleven spectral bands was accomplished. Extensive stereo and special observations were performed during the post-mapping period before lunar departure. The technology demonstration was jointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was executed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Clementine represents a new paradigm in spacecraft missions by incorporating advanced, lightweight, non-spaceflight and non-heritage technologies as major and critical components of the payload, the spacecraft hardware, and the spacecraft software subsystems. The program's success in applying and transferring these low-cost and highly capable technologies to space applications was based on sound developmental practices that are applicable to other programs. This paper examines the management and engineering approaches used for Clementine, discusses the development methodology, and provides insights into development approach. Common elements of the development approach that may be applicable to other small-satellite missions developed under the new genre of small, cost-capped, fast-paced, and focused missions are discussed. Paper presented at the 20th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, Gifu, Japan, 19-25 May 1996. Regeon, P., Lynn, P., Johnson, M., and Chapman, J.
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